1Directive (EU) 2025/2205 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2025 on driving licences, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive (EU) 2022/2561 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Directive 2006/126/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 383/2012 (Text with EEA relevance)

1. By 26 November 2027, Member States shall adopt and publish the measures necessary to comply with Article 9(2), points (j) and (k),. They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof.

They shall apply those measures from 26 November 2027.

1. By 26 November 2028, Member States shall adopt and publish the measures necessary to comply with Article 17. They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof.

They shall apply those measures from 26 November 2028.

1. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main measures of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

Article 30

Repeal

1. Directive 2006/126/EC is repealed with effect from 26 November 2029, except for Article 6(4), point (c), thereof, which is repealed with effect from 26 November 2027.

References made to Directive 2006/126/EC shall be construed as references to this Directive, and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex VII to this Directive.

1. Regulation (EU) No 383/2012 is repealed with effect from 26 November 2029.

References made to Regulation (EU) No 383/2012 shall be construed as references to this Directive, and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex VII.

Article 31

Entry into force

This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 32

Addressees

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Strasbourg, 22 October 2025

For the European Parliament

The President

R. Metsola

For the Council

The President

M. Bjerre

Annex

ANNEX I

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND PROVISIONS CONCERNING DRIVING LICENCES ISSUED BY MEMBER STATES

PART A1:

General specifications for the physical driving licence

(1) The characteristics of the physical driving licence card in the Union model shall be in accordance with ISO/IEC 7810.

The card shall be made of polycarbonate.

Methods for testing the characteristics of driving licence cards for the purpose of confirming their compliance with the international standards shall conform to ISO/IEC 10373.

(2) The licence card shall have two sides and comply with the model in figure 1.

Side 1Side 2

Figure 1: Model of the Union driving licence

Figure 1 text:

1. Name 2. First name 3. Date and place of birth 4a. Date of issue 4b. Date of expiry 4c. Issued by 5. Licence number 10. Valid from 11. Valid to 12. Codes

(3) The driving licence card shall display the following information laid down in Part D:

Side 1 shall display:

(a) the words Driving Licence printed in large type in the language or languages of the Member State issuing the driving licence;

(b) (optional) the name of the Member State of issuance;

(c) the distinguishing sign of the Member State of issuance, printed in negative in a blue rectangle and encircled by 12 yellow stars, as laid down in Part D, point 1;

(d) information specific to the driving licence issued (fields 1 to 9), as laid down in Part D, point 3;

(e) the words European Union model in the language or languages of the Member State of issuance and the words Driving Licence in the other languages of the European Union, printed in pink to form the background of the driving licence, as laid down in Part D, point 2.

Side 2 shall display:

(f) information specific to the categories of the driving licence issued (fields 9 to 12), as laid down in Part D, point 4;

(g) information specific to the administration of the driving licence (fields 13 and 14), as laid down in of Part D, point 5;

(h) an explanation of the following numbered fields which appear on sides 1 and 2 of the driving licence: 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 5, 10, 11 and 12.

If a Member State wishes to make the entries in a national language other than one of the following languages: Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish or Swedish, it shall draw up a bilingual version of the driving licence using one of the aforementioned languages, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Annex.

A space shall be reserved on the driving licence to allow for the possible inclusion of a microchip or similar IT device, or for the possible printing of a QR code.

The colour references shall be as follows:

(i) blue: Pantone Reflex Blue;

(ii) yellow: Pantone Yellow.

(4) Special provisions

(a) Where the holder of a driving licence issued by a Member State in accordance with this Annex has his or her normal place of residence in another Member State, the latter Member State may enter on the driving licence such information as is essential for administering the driving licence, provided that it also enters this type of information on other driving licences which it issues, and provided that there remain enough space for that purpose.

(b) Member States may add colours or markings, such as bar codes or national symbols, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Annex. Member States shall inform the Commission thereof.

In the context of the mutual recognition of driving licences, any bar codes shall not contain information other than that which can already be read on the driving licence or which is essential to the process of issuing the driving licence.

(c) Information displayed on the driving licence card shall be legible with the naked eye to a person of average visual acuity, using a minimum character height of 5 points for fields 9 to 12 on side 2.

PART A2:

Anti-forgery specifications for the physical driving licence

(1) The threats to the physical security of driving licences include:

(a) production of false cards: i.e. creating a new object which bears great resemblance to a true document, either by making it from scratch or by copying a true document;

(b) material alteration: changing a property of an original document, for instance by modifying some of the data displayed on the document.

(2) The system for protection against forgery shall form an integral part of each element of the overall licensing system, including the application process, the secure transmission of data, the card-body material, the manufacturing technique, a minimum set of various security features, and the personalisation process.

(3) The material used for driving licences shall be made secure against forgery by using the following techniques (mandatory security features):

(a) card bodies shall be dull under ultraviolet light;

(b) a security background pattern designed to be resistant to counterfeiting by scanning, printing or copying, using rainbow printing with multicolour security inks and positive and negative guilloche printing. The pattern shall not be composed of the primary colours (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow or Key), shall contain complex pattern designs in a minimum of two special colours, and shall include micro-lettering;

(c) optical variable elements providing adequate protection against copying of and tampering with the photograph;

(d) laser engraving;

(e) in the area of the photograph, the security design background and the photograph shall overlap at least on the border of the photograph (weakening pattern).

(4) In addition, the material used for driving licences shall be made secure against forgery by using at least three of the following techniques (additional security features):

(a) colour-shifting inks;

(b) thermochromic ink;

(c) custom holograms;

(d) variable laser images;

(e) ultraviolet fluorescent ink, visible and transparent;

(f) iridescent printing;

(g) digital watermarking in the background;

(h) infrared or phosphorescent pigments;

(i) tactile characters, symbols or patterns.

In so far as possible, the techniques indicated with an asterisk shall be preferred, since they enable law enforcement officers to check the validity of the card without any special means. Member States may introduce security features other than those listed under this point.

PART B:

Specifications for microchips included in physical driving licences

(1) The microchip and the data contained on the microchip, including additional information provided for by the national laws related to driving licences, shall comply with Part B1.

(2) The list of applicable standards for driving licences which include a microchip is set out in Part B2.

(3) Driving licences which include a microchip shall be subject to a Union type-approval procedure in accordance with Part B3.

(4) Where all relevant provisions of the Union type-approval have been met with respect to a driving licence which includes a microchip in accordance with points (1), (2) and (3), Member States shall issue a Union type-approval certificate to the manufacturer or its representative.

(5) Where necessary, in particular to ensure that this Part is complied with, a Member State may withdraw a Union type-approval certificate that it has issued.

(6) Union type-approval certificates and the notification of their withdrawal shall comply with the model set out in part B4.

(7) The Commission shall be informed of all Union type-approval certificates issued or withdrawn. In the case of a withdrawal, the withdrawing Member State shall provide detailed reasoning.

The Commission shall inform the Member States of any withdrawal of a Union type-approval.

(8) Union type-approval certificates issued by Member States shall be mutually recognised.

(9) Where a Member State ascertains that a significant number of driving licences which include a microchip are repeatedly found not to be in conformity with this part of this Annex, that Member State shall communicate that fact to the Commission. It shall indicate the relevant Union type-approval certificate number connected to those driving licences, as well as a description of the non-compliance. The Commission shall, without undue delay, inform the other Member States of the facts communicated to it in accordance with this point.

(10) The Member State of issuance of the driving licences referred to in point (9) shall investigate the problem without delay and take appropriate corrective action, including, where appropriate, the withdrawal of the Union type-approval certificate.

PART B1:

General requirements for driving licences which include a microchip

The general requirements for driving licences including a microchip described in this Annex are based on international standards, in particular the ISO/IEC 18013-series standards. They cover:

(a) the specifications for the microchip and the logical data structure on the microchip;

(b) the specifications for harmonised data and any additional data to be stored;

(c) the specifications relating to data protection mechanisms for the data stored on the microchip.

Title 1

ABBREVIATIONS

AbbreviationMeaningAIDApplication IdentifierBAPBasic Access ProtectionDGData GroupEAL 4+Evaluation Assurance Level 4 AugmentedEFElementary FileEFIDElementary File IdentifiereMRTDMachine Readable Travel DocumentsICCIntegrated Circuit CardISOInternational Organisation for StandardisationLDSLogical Data StructurePICCProximity Integrated Circuit CardPIXProprietary Application Identifier ExtensionRIDRegistered Application IdentifierSOdDocument Security Object

Title 2

DATA STORED ON THE MICROCHIP

(1) Harmonised mandatory and optional driving licence data

The microchip shall store the harmonised driving licence data specified in part D. If a Member State decides to include in the driving licence data items marked as optional in part D, those items shall also be stored on the microchip.

(2) Additional data

Member States may store such additional data on the microchip as is provided for in their national laws related to driving licences. They shall inform the Commission thereof.

Title 3

MICROCHIP

(1) Storage medium type

The storage medium for driving licence data shall be a microchip with a contact, contactless, or combined contact and contactless (dual) interface, as specified in part B2, item 1.

(2) Applications

All data on a microchip shall be stored in electronic applications. All applications on the microchip shall be identified by a unique code called the Application Identifier (AID) as specified in part B2, item 2.

(a) Union Driving Licence Application

Mandatory and optional driving licence data, as referred to in part D, shall be stored in the dedicated Union Driving Licence application. The AID for the Union Driving Licence Application shall be:

A0 00 00 04 56 45 44 4C 2D 30 31,

consisting of both of the following:

the Registered Application Identifier (RID) for the European Commission: A0 00 00 04 56;

the Proprietary Application Identifier Extension (PIX) for the Union Driving Licence Application: 45 44 4C 2D 30 31 (EDL-01).

Data shall be grouped in Data Groups (DGs) as part of a Logical Data Structure (LDS).

DGs shall be stored as Elementary Files (EFs) in the Union Driving Licence application, and shall be protected in accordance with part B2, item 3.

(b) Other applications

Any additional data shall be stored in one or more dedicated applications that are separate from the Union Driving Licence Application. Each such application shall be identified by a unique AID.

Title 4

LOGICAL DATA STRUCTURE FOR MICROCHIPS OF THE UNION DRIVING LICENCE APPLICATION

(1) Logical Data Structure

Driving Licence Data shall be stored on the microchip in a Logical Data Structure (LDS) as specified in part B2, item 4. This point specifies additional requirements for the mandatory and additional DGs.

Each DG shall be stored in one EF. The EFs to be used for the Union Driving Licence Application shall be identified with the Elementary File Identifiers (EFIDs) and Short EFIDs as specified in part B2, item 5.

(2) Mandatory Data Groups

The mandatory and optional data elements shall be stored in the following DGs:

DG 1:

all mandatory and optional data elements as displayed on the document, except the images of the driving licence holder’s face and signature;

DG 5:

image of the driving licence holder’s signature;

DG 6:

image of the driving licence holder’s face.

DG 1 data shall be structured as specified in point 6 of this Part, and as specified in Part B2, item 6. Data contained in DG 5 and DG 6 shall be stored in accordance with the specifications of part B2, item 7.

(3) Additional Data Groups

Any additional data elements provided for by the national law of Member States concerning driving licences, shall be stored in the following DGs:

DG 2:

details of the driving licence holder, except for biometric data;

DG 3:

details of the issuing authority;

DG 4:

portrait image;

DG 7:

biometric data regarding the fingerprint(s) of the driving licence holder;

DG 11:

other details, such as the full name of the driving licence holder in national characters.

Data contained in these DGs shall be stored in accordance with the specifications of part B2, item 8.

Title 5

DATA SECURITY MECHANISMS

Appropriate mechanisms shall be used for the validation of the authenticity and integrity of the microchip and the data contained in it, and for restricting access to driving licence data.

Data on the microchip shall be protected in accordance with the specifications laid down in part B2, item 3. This Title specifies additional requirements that shall be complied with.

(1) Authenticity Verification

(a) Mandatory Passive Authentication

All DGs stored in the Union Driving Licence application shall be protected with passive authentication.

Data related to passive authentication shall comply with the requirements specified in part B2, item 9.

(b) Optional Active Authentication

Optional Active Authentication mechanisms shall be applied to ensure that the original microchip has not been replaced.

(2) Access Restriction

(a) Mandatory Basic Access Protection

The Basic Access Protection mechanism (BAP) shall be applied for all data in the Union Driving Licence application. In the interest of interoperability with existing systems such as those using Machine Readable Travel Documents (eMRTD) it is mandatory to use the one-line Machine Readable Zone (MRZ), as specified in part B2, item 10.

The Kdoc document key used to access the microchip is generated from the one-line MRZ, which can be entered either manually or by using an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) reader. The BAP 1 configuration defined for a one-line MRZ as specified in part B2, item 10, shall be applied.

(b) Conditional Extended Access Control

Where personal data as referred to in Article 9(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 are stored on the microchip, access to such data shall be protected with additional measures.

The Extended Access Control mechanisms shall comply with the specifications of part B2, item 11.

(c) Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for driving licences including a microchip

Member States shall establish the necessary national arrangements for Public Key management, in accordance with Annex A to ISO/IEC standard 18013_3.

Title 6

DATA PRESENTATION

(1) Formatting of data in DG 1

TagLValueEncodingM/O61VDG1 Data elements (nested)TagLValue5F 01VType approval numberansM5F 02VConstructed data object of demographic data elementsMTagLValue5F 033Issuing Member Statea3M5F 04VSurname(s) of the holderasM5F 05VOther name(s) of the holderasM

5F 064Date of birth (ddmmyyyy)n8M5F 07VPlace of birthansM5F 083Nationalitya3O5F 091GenderM/F/UO5F 0A4Date of issue of the driving licence (ddmmyyyy)n8M5F 0B4Date of expiry of the driving licence (ddmmyyyy)n8M5F 0CVIssuing authorityansM5F 0DVAdministrative number (other than document number)ansO5F 0EVDocument numberanM5F 0FVPermanent place of residence, or postal addressansO7F 63VConstructed data object of categories of vehicles/ restrictions/conditionsMTagLValue (coded as defined below)021Number of categories/restrictions/ conditionsNM87VCategory/restriction/conditionansM87VCategory/restriction/conditionansO……………87VCategory/restriction/conditionansO

(2) Logical record format

The categories regarding vehicles, restrictions or conditions shall be compiled in a data object following the structure specified in the following table:

Vehicle category codeDate of issueDate of expiryCodeSignValue

where:

(a) vehicle category codes shall be presented as defined in Article 6 (such as AM, A1, A2, A, B1, B, etc.);

(b) date of issue shall be presented in the format DDMMYYYY (day in two digits followed by month in two digits followed by year in four digits) for the vehicle category;

(c) date of expiry shall be presented in the format DDMMYYYY (day in two digits followed by month in two digits followed by year in four digits) for the vehicle category;

(d) code, sign and value refer to additional information or restrictions relating to the vehicle category or the driver.

PART B2:

List of applicable standards for driving licences which include a storage medium

ItemSubjectRequirementApplicable to1Storage medium interface, organisation and commandsISO/IEC 7816 series (contact), ISO/IEC 14443 series (contactless) as referred to in ISO/IEC 18013-2:2008, Annex CPart B1, point 3.(1)2Application identifierISO/IEC 7816-5:2004Part B1, point 3.(2)3Data security mechanismsISO/IEC 18013-3:2009

Part B1, point 3.(2) point (a)

Part B1, point 5

4Logical data structureISO/IEC 18013-2:2008Part B1, point 4.(1)5Elementary file identifiersISO/IEC 18013-2:2008 Table C.2Part B1, point 4.(1)6Data presentation for DG 1ISO/IEC 18013-2:2008, Annex C.3.8

Part B1, point 4.(2)

Part B1, point 6.(1)

7Mandatory data presentation for DG 5 and DG 6ISO/IEC 18013-2:2008, Annex C.6.6 and Annex C.6.7, face image and signature image to be stored in JPEG or JPEG2000 formatPart B1, point 4.(2)8Optional and additional data presentationISO/IEC 18013-2:2008, Annex CPart B1, point 4.(3)9Passive authenticationISO/IEC 18013-3:2009, paragraph 8.1, data shall be stored in EF.SOd (Document Security Object) in the LDSPart B1, point 5.(1), point (a)10Basic access restrictionISO/IEC 18013-3:2009 and its Amendment 1Part B1, point 5.(2), point (a)Basic access restriction configurationISO/IEC 18013-3:2009, Annex B.811Extended access restrictionTechnical Guideline TR-03110, Advanced Security Mechanisms for Machine Readable Travel Documents – Extended Access Control (EAC), Version 1.11Part B1, point 5.(2), point (b)12Test methodsISO/IEC 18013-4:2011Part B3, point 113Security certificateEvaluation Assurance Level 4 augmented (EAL 4+) or equivalentPart B3, point 214Functional certificateSmart card testing according to ISO/IEC 10373 seriesPart B3, point 3

PART B3:

Procedure for Union type-approval of driving licences which include a microchip

Title 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Manufacturers applying for a Union type-approval of driving licences including a microchip shall present a security certificate and a functional certificate.

Any intended modification to the production process, including any intended software modifications, shall be subject to a prior notification to the authority which granted the Union type-approval. The authority may require further information and tests before accepting the modification.

Tests shall follow the methods laid down in part B2, item 12.

Title 2

SECURITY CERTIFICATE

For the security evaluation, microchips to be included in driving licences shall be evaluated in accordance with the criteria specified in part B2, item 13.

A security certificate shall be delivered only upon successful evaluation of the ability of the microchip to resist attempts to tamper with or alter data.

Title 3

FUNCTIONAL CERTIFICATE

A functional evaluation of driving licences that include a microchip shall be carried out under laboratory testing in accordance with the criteria specified in part B2, item 14.

Member States including a microchip in driving licences shall ensure that the relevant functional standards and the requirements of part B1 are complied with.

A functional certificate shall be delivered to the manufacturer if all of the following conditions have been met:

(a) there is a valid security certificate for the microchip;

(b) compliance with the requirements of part B2 has been demonstrated;

(c) functional tests have been passed successfully.

The relevant Member State authority shall be responsible for issuing the functional certificate. The functional certificate shall indicate the identity of the issuing authority, the identity of the applicant, the identification of the microchip, and a detailed list of the tests and their results.

Title 4

UNION TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

(1) Model certificate

Member States shall deliver the Union type-approval certificate upon presentation of security and functional certificates as provided for in this Annex. Union type-approval certificates shall comply with the model in part B4.

(2) Numbering system

The Union type-approval numbering system shall consist of:

(a) the letter e followed by the following number identifying the Member State which granted the Union type-approval:

1

for Germany;

2

for France;

3

for Italy;

4

for the Netherlands;

5

for Sweden;

6

for Belgium;

7

for Hungary;

8

for Czechia;

9

for Spain;

12

for Austria;

13

for Luxembourg;

17

for Finland;

18

for Denmark;

19

for Romania;

20

for Poland;

21

for Portugal;

23

for Greece;

24

for Ireland;

25

for Croatia;

26

for Slovenia;

27

for Slovakia;

29

for Estonia;

32

for Latvia;

34

for Bulgaria;

36

for Lithuania;

49

for Cyprus;

50

for Malta;

(b) the letters DL preceded by a hyphen and followed by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to this Annex, or to the latest major technical amendment to this Annex. The sequence number for this Annex is 00;

(c) a unique identification number of the Union type-approval attributed by the issuing Member State.

Example of the Union type-approval numbering system: e50-DL00 12345.

The approval number shall be stored on the microchip in DG 1 for each driving licence carrying such microchip.

PART B4:

Model for the Union type-approval certificate concerning driving licences which include a microchip

Name of the competent authority: …

Notification concerning ():

approval □

withdrawal of approval □

of a Union Driving Licence including a microchip

Approval No: …

1. Manufacturing brand or trademark: …

1. Name of model: …

1. Name of manufacturer or of its representative, where applicable: …

…

1. Address of manufacturer or of its representative, where applicable: …

…

1. Laboratory test reports:

5.1

Security Certificate No: … Date: …

Issued by: …

5.2

Functional Certificate No: … Date: …

Issued by: …

1. Date of approval: …

1. Date of withdrawal of approval: …

1. Place: …

1. Date: …

1. Descriptive documents in Annex: …

1. Signature: …

() Tick the relevant box.

PART C:

Specifications for the mobile driving licence

(1) In accordance with Regulation (EU) No 910/2014, European Digital Identity Wallets shall provide to authorised persons at least the following features:

(a) the retrieval and storage of data sufficient to prove the driving rights of a person;

(b) the display and transfer of the data listed in point (a).

(2) The mobile driving licences and other relevant systems shall comply with the ISO/IEC 18013-5 standard on mobile driving licences and with Regulation (EU) No 910/2014.

(3) For the purposes of this Annex, the holder of a mobile driving licence issued in accordance with this Directive shall be considered its authorised user only where the holder is identified as such.

(4) The Member States shall allow the holder of the driving licence to be issued with a mobile driving licence to that holder’s European Digital Identity Wallet.

The European Digital Identity Wallet containing the mobile driving licence shall allow automatically or upon request the updating or re-issuing of the mobile driving licence.

European Digital Identity Wallets shall allow the holder of a mobile driving licence to display or transmit to a third party all or part of the data contained in the mobile driving licence. Competent authorities of the Member States shall be authorised to request from European Digital Identity Wallets the data contained in mobile driving licences in order to be able to ascertain the driving rights of the holder of the driving licence in question (verification).

The information transmitted directly from the electronic attestation of the mobile driving licence stored in the European Digital Identity Wallet shall allow competent authorities to determine the driving rights of the holder of the mobile driving licence (verification), including any restrictions applicable in the Union or in the territory of a Member State. Member States shall not consider a mobile driving licence valid if it has expired or if it has been revoked. Where a Member State decides to revoke a mobile driving licence, it shall enter information about that decision into a revocation list managed by that Member State, or make it accessible to other Member States for the purpose of verification in another way, free of charge and in an operable manner. A Member State imposing a driving disqualification, if it is other than the Member State of issuance, shall immediately notify the latter Member State.

PART D:

Data to be included in the Union driving licence

(1) The distinguishing signs of the Member States issuing the driving licence shall be as follows:

B: Belgium

BG: Bulgaria

CZ: Czechia

DK: Denmark

D: Germany

EST: Estonia

GR: Greece

E: Spain

F: France

HR: Croatia

IRL: Ireland

I: Italy

CY: Cyprus

LV: Latvia

LT: Lithuania

L: Luxembourg

H: Hungary

M: Malta

NL: The Netherlands

A: Austria

PL: Poland

P: Portugal

RO: Romania

SLO: Slovenia

SK: Slovakia

FIN: Finland

S: Sweden

(2) The words driving licence to be displayed on the driving licences in the respective language(s) of the Member States shall be as follows:

Свидетелство за управление на МПС

Permiso de Conducción

Řidičský průkaz

Kørekort

Führerschein

Juhiluba

Άδεια Οδήγησης

Driving Licence

Permis de conduire

Ceadúnas Tiomána

Vozačka dozvola

Patente di guida

Vadītāja apliecība

Vairuotojo pažymėjimas

Vezetői engedély

Liċenzja tas-Sewqan

Rijbewijs

Prawo Jazdy

Carta de Condução

Permis de conducere

Vodičský preukaz

Vozniško dovoljenje

Ajokortti

Körkort;

(3) Information specific to the individual driving licence issued shall be as follows:

FieldInformation1surname of the holder2other name(s) of the holder3date and place of birth4adate of issue of the driving licence4bdate of expiry of the driving licence4cname of the issuing authority4d(optional) a number different from that under field 5, for administrative purposes5number of the driving licence6photograph of the holder7signature of the holder8(optional) holder’s permanent place of residence, or postal address9category of vehicle(s) the holder is entitled to drive (national categories shall be displayed in a typeface different from that used for harmonised categories)

(4) Information specific to the categories of the driving licence issued shall be as follows:

FieldInformation9category of vehicle(s) the holder is entitled to drive (national categories shall be displayed in a typeface different from that used for harmonised categories)10date of first issue of each category, except if not available (this date must be repeated on the new driving licence in the event of subsequent replacement or exchange); each field of the date shall be written with two digits and in the following sequence: day.month.year (DD.MM.YY)11date of expiry of each category; each field of the date shall be written with two digits and in the following sequence: day.month.year (DD.MM.YY)12additional information/restriction(s), in code form, facing the category affected, as specified in Part E

Where a code specified in Part E applies to all categories for which the driving licence is issued, it may be displayed under fields 9, 10 and 11.

(5) Information specific to the administration of the driving licence issued shall be as follows:

FieldInformation13(optional) an entry by the host Member State of information essential for administering the driving licence when implementing point (4), point (a), of part A1;14

(optional) an entry by the Member State of issuance of information essential for administering the driving licence or related to road safety; this information may, in particular, include any cancellation, withdrawal, suspension or any restriction of the right to drive of a driver of a power-driven vehicle, of his or her driving licence or of the recognition of the validity of his or her driving licence, such as one limited to certain categories or to the territory of certain Member States.

If the information relates to one of the headings defined in this Annex, it shall be preceded by the number of the field in question.

With the specific written agreement of the holder, information which is not related to the administration of the driving licence or to road safety may also be added in this field; such addition shall not alter in any way the use of the item as a driving licence.

PART E:

Union and national codes

Codes 01 to 99 shall be harmonised European Union codes

Title 1

DRIVER (medical reasons)

01Sight correction and/or protection01.01.Glasses01.02.Contact lens(es)01.05.Eye cover01.06.Glasses or contact lenses01.07.Specific optical aid02Hearing aid/communication aid03Prosthesis/orthosis for the limbs03.01.Upper limb prosthesis/orthosis03.02.Lower limb prosthesis/orthosis

Title 2

VEHICLE ADAPTATIONS

This indicates the force, in Newtons, which the driver can or must exert in order to operate the system.

10Modified transmission10.02.Automatic selection of gear ratio10.04.Adapted transmission control device15Modified clutch15.01.Adapted clutch pedal15.02.Hand operated clutch15.03.Automatic clutch15.04.Measure to prevent obstruction or actuation of clutch pedal20Modified braking systems20.01.Adapted brake pedal20.03.Brake pedal suitable for use by left foot20.04.Sliding brake pedal20.05.Tilted brake pedal20.06.Hand operated brake20.07.Brake operation with maximum force of … N (for example: 20.07(300N))20.09.Adapted parking brake20.12.Measure to prevent obstruction or actuation of brake pedal20.13.Knee-operated brake20.14.Brake system operation supported by external force25Modified accelerator system25.01.Adapted accelerator pedal25.03.Tilted accelerator pedal25.04.Hand-operated accelerator25.05.Knee-operated accelerator

25.06.Accelerator operation supported by external force25.08.Accelerator pedal on the left25.09.Measure to prevent obstruction or actuation of accelerator pedal31Pedal adaptations and pedal safeguards31.01.Extra set of parallel pedals31.02.Pedals at (or almost at) the same level31.03.Measure to prevent obstruction or actuation of accelerator and brake pedals when pedals not operated by foot31.04.Raised floor32Combined service brake and accelerator systems32.01.Accelerator and service brake as combined system operated by one hand32.02.Accelerator and service brake as combined system operated by external force33Combined accelerator, service brake, and steering systems33.01.Accelerator, service brake and steering as combined system operation by external force with one hand33.02.Accelerator, service brake and steering as combined system operation by external force with two hands35Modified control layouts (lights switches, windscreen wiper/washer, horn, direction indicators, etc.)35.02.Control devices operable without releasing the steering device35.03.Control devices operable without releasing the steering device with the left hand35.04.Control devices operable without releasing the steering device with the right hand35.05.Control devices operable without releasing the steering device or the accelerator and braking mechanisms40Modified steering40.01.Steering with maximum operation force of … N (for example 40.01(140N))40.05.Adapted steering wheel (larger/thicker steering wheel section, reduced diameter, etc.)40.06.Adapted position of steering wheel40.09.Foot-operated steering40.11.Assistive device at steering wheel

40.14.One hand/arm operated alternative adapted steering system40.15.Two hand/arm operated alternative adapted steering system42Modified rear/side view devices42.01.Adapted device for rear view42.03.Additional inside device permitting side view42.05.Blind spot viewing device43Driver seating position43.01.Driver seat height for normal view and in normal distance from the steering wheel and the pedals43.02.Driver seat adapted to body shape43.03.Driver seat with lateral support for good stability43.04.Driver seat with armrest43.06.Seat belt adaptation43.07.Seat belt type with support for good stability44Modifications to motorcycles (sub-code use obligatory)44.01.Single operated brake44.02.Adapted front wheel brake44.03.Adapted rear wheel brake44.04.Adapted accelerator44.08.Seat height allowing the driver, in sitting position, to have two feet on the surface at the same time and balance the motorcycle during stopping and standing.44.09.Maximum operation force of front wheel brake … N (for example 44.09(140N))44.10.Maximum operation force of rear wheel brake … N (for example 44.10(240N))44.11.Adapted foot-rest44.12.Adapted hand grip45Motorcycle with side-car only46Tricycles only47Restricted to vehicles of more than two wheels not requiring balance by the driver for starting, stopping and standing

50Restricted to a specific vehicle/chassis number (vehicle identification number, VIN)

Letters used in combination with codes 01 to 44 for further specification:

a

left

b

right

c

hand

d

foot

e

middle

f

arm

g

thumb

Title 3

LIMITED USE CODES

60Optional equivalences(sub-code use obligatory)60.01.The holder of a category B driving licence of at least 21 years may drive powered tricycles exceeding 15 kW60.02.The holder of a category B driving licence may drive category A1 motorcycles60.03.The holder of a category B1 driving licence may drive only vehicles with a maximum mass not exceeding 2500 kg and a maximum speed technically limited to 45 km/h61Limited to daytime journeys (for example: between one hour after sunrise and one hour before sunset)62Limited to journeys within a radius of … km from the holder’s place of residence, or only inside a city/region63Driving without passengers64Limited to journeys with a speed not exceeding … km/h65Driving authorised solely when accompanied by a holder of a driving licence of at least the equivalent category, unless condition is covered by code 98.02.66Without trailer67No driving on motorways68No alcohol69Restricted to driving vehicles equipped with an alcohol interlock in accordance with EN 50436. Indication of an expiry date is optional (for example 69 or 69(01.01.2016))

Title 4

ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS

70Exchange of driving licence No … issued by … (EU distinguishing sign, for example 70.0123456789.NL, or UN distinguishing sign in the case of a third country, for example 70.0123456789.NO)71Duplicate of driving licence No … (EU distinguishing sign, for example 71.987654321.HR, or UN distinguishing sign in the case of a third country, for example 71.987654321.UK)72Exchange of driving licence No … issued by … (UN distinguishing sign in the case of a third country subject to an implementing decision under Article 15(7), for example 72.0123456789.USA)73Restricted to category B vehicles of the motor quadricycle type (B1)78Restricted to vehicles with automatic transmission79Restricted to vehicles which comply with the specifications indicated in brackets or specified in a sub-code, for the application of Article 21 of this Directive79.01.Restricted to two-wheel vehicles with or without a side-car79.02.Restricted to category AM vehicles of the three-wheel or light quadricycle type79.03.Restricted to tricycles79.04.Restricted to tricycles combined with a trailer having a maximum authorised mass not exceeding 750 kg79.05.Category A1 motorcycle with a power/weight ratio above 0,1 kW/kg79.06.Category BE vehicle where the maximum authorised mass of the trailer exceeds 3500 kg80Restricted to holders, not having reached the age of 24 years, of a driving licence for a category A vehicle of the powered tricycle type81Restricted to holders, not having reached the age of 21 years, of a driving licence for a category A vehicle of the two-wheel motorcycle type95Driver holding CPC, meeting the obligation of professional aptitude provided for by Directive (EU) 2022/2561 until … (for example 95(01.01.2028))96Codes used for indicating authorisation based on additional training in category96Category B vehicles combined with a trailer with a maximum authorised mass exceeding 750 kg where the maximum authorised mass of such combination exceeds 3500 kg but does not exceed 4250 kg96.01.Emergency vehicle driven for its intended purposes with a category B driving licence where the maximum authorised mass exceeds 3500 kg, but does not exceed 5000 kg, including the mass of a trailer if used as a vehicle combination

96.02.Motor caravan driven with a category B driving licence, where the maximum authorised mass exceeds 3500 kg, but does not exceed 4250 kg or, combined with a trailer, does not exceed 5000 kg96.03.Alternatively-fuelled vehicle combined with a trailer, where the maximum authorised mass of the combination exceeds 4250 kg but does not exceed 5000 kg97Not authorised to drive a category C1 vehicle which falls within the scope of Regulation (EU) No 165/201498Codes used for the purposes of Articles 17 and 18 (sub-code use obligatory)98.01.The driver is considered a novice driver and is subject to the conditions for the probationary period. Where the driving licence is exchanged, renewed or replaced, the code shall be complemented with the end date of the probationary period that was initially recorded (for instance 98.01.13.04.2028)98.02.The holder shall comply with the conditions for the accompanied driving scheme until the holder reaches the age of 18 years old

Codes 100 and above shall be national codes valid only for driving in the territory of the Member State of issuance.

Annex

ANNEX II

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVING TESTS AND KNOWLEDGE, SKILL AND BEHAVIOUR FOR DRIVING A POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLE

Part I

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVING TESTS

Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that applicants for driving licences possess the knowledge and skills and exhibit the behaviour required for driving a power-driven vehicle. The tests introduced to this effect must consist of:

(a) a theory test;

(b) following successful participation in the theory test, a test of skills and behaviour.

The conditions under which these tests shall be conducted are set out below.

Title A

THEORY TEST

1. Form

The form chosen shall be such as to make sure that the applicant has the required knowledge of the subjects listed in points 2, 3 and 4.

Any applicant for a driving licence in one category who has passed a theory test for a driving licence in a different category may be exempted from the common provisions of points 2, 3 and 4.

Member States may exempt applicants from the questions regarding the basic knowledge of first aid as referred to in point 2, point (e), where the applicant has completed certified first aid practical training, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), any time before the test of skills and behaviour is taken.

1. Content of the theory test concerning all vehicle categories

Questions shall be asked on each of the topics listed in the following points, the content and form of the questions being left to the discretion of each Member State:

(a) road traffic regulations, in particular as regards road signs, markings and signals, rights of way and speed limits;

(b) the driver:

(i) importance of alertness and of attitude towards other road users, including micro-mobility users;

(ii) general perception, including hazard perception, judgment and decision-taking, especially reaction time, as well as changes in driving behaviour due to the influence of alcohol, drugs or medicinal products, state of mind or fatigue;

(iii) impacts on the risk of distraction due to the use of mobile phones or other electronic devices while driving and the safety consequences thereof;

(c) the road:

(i) the most important principles concerning the observance of a safe distance between vehicles, braking distances and road holding under various weather and road conditions, including, in particular, snow and slippery conditions;

(ii) driving risk factors related to various road conditions, including the perception and anticipation of hazards, in particular as they change with the weather and the time of day or night;

(iii) the characteristics of various types of road and the related statutory requirements;

(iv) adaptation of driving behaviour to the layout of the route, in particular to ensure safe driving in road tunnels, as well as driving uphill and downhill;

(v) detection of blind spots;

(d) other road users:

(i) specific risk factors related to the lack of experience of other road users, especially in respect of vulnerable road users who enjoy a lesser degree of protection in traffic compared to users of motor vehicles, and who are directly exposed to the forces of collisions. This category includes children, pedestrians, cyclists, users of powered two-wheel vehicles, users of personal mobility devices, and persons with disabilities or reduced mobility or orientation;

(ii) risks involved in the movement of, interaction with, and driving of various types of vehicles that differ with regard to their mass, their dimensions and the field of view of their drivers, including vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving systems;

(iii) the proper and timely use of direction indicators;

(e) general rules and regulations and other matters:

(i) rules concerning the administrative documents required for the use of vehicles;

(ii) general rules specifying how the driver must behave in the event of an accident (setting warning devices and raising the alarm), including rules on how to behave if an emergency vehicle is approaching, and what to do at the site of a collision, and the measures which the driver can take to assist road accident victims where necessary, including basic knowledge of first aid, in particular CPR;

(iii) safety factors relating to the vehicle, the load and persons carried;

(iv) knowledge of safety aspects related to alternatively-fuelled vehicles;

(f) precautions necessary when alighting from the vehicle, including ensuring that it is safe to open the vehicle door, and that doing so will not create a hazard for other road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and micro-mobility users;

(g) mechanical aspects with a bearing upon road safety; applicants must be able to detect the most common faults, in particular in the steering, suspension and braking systems, tyres, lights and direction indicators, reflectors, rear-view mirrors, windscreen and wipers, the exhaust system, seat-belts and the audible warning device;

(h) vehicle safety equipment and, in particular, the use of seat-belts, head restraints, child safety equipment;

(i) charging of electrical vehicles;

(j) rules and aspects regarding vehicle use in relation to the environment, including as regards electrical vehicles: appropriate use of audible warning devices, moderate fuel or energy consumption, limitation of emissions (greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutants, noise and microparticles from tyre, brake and road wear etc.);

(k) advantages, limitations and risks associated with advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving systems. The importance of their differences and safe usage, as well as driver interaction, driver obligations and how the systems can impact the driver’s awareness and behaviour. This includes the field of use of the systems, the possibility of take-over requests generated by the systems, and the subsisting obligations of the driver while the systems are active.

1. Specific provisions concerning categories A1, A2 and A

Compulsory check of general knowledge on:

(a) the use of protective outfits, such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmets;

(b) the visibility of motorcycle riders for other road users;

(c) risk factors related to various road conditions as laid down in point 2, point (c), with additional attention to slippery parts such as drain covers, road markings such as lines and arrows, tram rails;

(d) mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety, as laid down in point 2, point (g), with additional attention to the emergency stop switch, the oil levels and the chain.

1. Specific provisions concerning categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1, D1E

(1) Compulsory check of general knowledge on:

(a) rules on driving hours and rest periods as defined by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006; use of the recording equipment defined by Regulation (EU) No 165/2014;

(b) rules concerning the type of transport concerned: goods or passengers;

(c) vehicle and transport documents required for the national and international carriage of goods and passengers;

(d) how to behave in the event of an accident; knowledge of measures to be taken after an accident or similar occurrence, including emergency action such as evacuation of passengers and basic knowledge of first aid;

(e) the precautions to be taken during the removal and replacement of wheels;

(f) rules on vehicle weights and dimensions; rules on speed limiters;

(g) purpose and use of endurance braking systems;

(h) obstruction of the field of view caused by the characteristics of their vehicles, particularly regarding the detection of vulnerable road users at the front and the sides of the vehicle;

(i) (optional) reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems;

(j) safety factors relating to vehicle loading: controlling the load (stowing and fastening), difficulties with various kinds of load (for instance liquids, hanging loads, etc.), loading and unloading goods and the use of loading equipment (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

(k) the driver’s responsibility in respect of the carriage of passengers; the comfort and safety of passengers, and in particular persons with disabilities or reduced mobility; transport of children; necessary checks before driving away; all sorts of buses shall be covered by the theory test, such as public service buses and coaches and buses with special dimensions (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only).

(l) Member States may exempt applicants for a driving licence for a category C1 or C1E vehicle outside the scope of Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 from demonstrating their knowledge of the subjects listed in point 4.(1), points (a) to (c).

(2) Compulsory check of general knowledge on the following additional provisions concerning categories C, CE, D and DE:

(a) the principles of the construction and functioning of: internal combustion engines, fluids (for instance engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), the fuel system, the electrical system, the ignition system, the transmission system (clutch, gearbox, etc.);

(b) lubrication and antifreeze protection;

(c) the principles of the construction, the fitting, correct use and care of tyres;

(d) the principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of brake fittings and speed governors, and use of anti-lock brakes;

(e) the principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of coupling systems, including the various trailer to truck coupling mechanisms, taking into account the fifth wheel coupling for articulated vehicles (for semi-trailers), and drawbar hitch coupling for drawbar trailers (rigid truck), as well as the standard operating procedures and protocols for connecting and disconnecting trailers from trucks while using those coupling mechanisms (categories CE, DE only);

(f) methods of locating causes of breakdowns;

(g) preventive maintenance of vehicles and necessary running repairs;

(h) the driver's responsibility in respect of the receipt, carriage and delivery of goods in accordance with the agreed conditions (categories C, CE only).

Title B

TEST OF SKILLS AND BEHAVIOUR

1. The vehicle and its equipment

(1) Vehicle transmission

(a) The driving of a vehicle with manual transmission shall be subject to the passing of a skills and behaviour test taken on a vehicle with manual transmission.

Vehicle with manual transmission means a vehicle in which a clutch pedal (or lever operated manually for categories A, A2 and A1) is present and must be operated by the driver when starting or stopping the vehicle and changing gears.

(b) Vehicles that do not meet the criteria laid down in point 5.(1), point (a), shall be considered to have automatic transmission.

Without prejudice to point 5.(1), point (c), if an applicant takes the test of skills and behaviour on a vehicle with automatic transmission this shall be recorded on any driving licence issued on the basis of such a test with the relevant Union code set out in Annex I, Part E. Driving licences with this indication shall be used only for driving vehicles with automatic transmission.

The Union code described in the second subparagraph shall not be recorded on, or shall subsequently be removed from, a category A1, A2, A, B1, B or BE driving licence if the applicant or holder passes a dedicated test of skills and behaviour or completes a dedicated training, which may occur before or after the test of skills and behaviour on a vehicle with automatic transmission.

Member States shall take the necessary measures to:

(i) approve and supervise the dedicated training, which may be part of the general driver training; or

(ii) organise the dedicated test of skills and behaviour.

Vehicles used for the training or the test covered by this point shall be with manual transmission and shall fall within the category of the driving licence for which the participants have applied.

The training shall contain all aspects covered in points 6 or 7 of this Annex, with particular attention paid to the operation of the vehicle transmission. Each participant shall perform the practical components of the training and demonstrate his or her skills and behaviour on public roads. The duration of the training shall be at least 7 hours.

The length of the test of skills and behaviour and the distance travelled shall be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour laid down in points 6 or 7 of this Annex, with particular attention paid to the operation of the vehicle transmission.

(c) Specific provisions concerning vehicles of category BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E

Member States may decide that no restriction to vehicles with automatic transmission shall be recorded on the driving licence for a category BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 or D1E vehicle referred to in point 5.(1), point (b), when the applicant already holds a driving licence without the restriction provided for under point (b) in at least one of the following categories: B, BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 or D1E, and has performed the actions described in point 8.(4) during the test of skills and behaviour.

(2) The vehicles used in tests of skills and behaviour shall comply with the minimum criteria referred to in this point. Member States may make provisions for more stringent criteria or may add other criteria. Member States may apply to vehicles of category A1, A2 and A, used in the test of skills and behaviour, a tolerance of 5 cm3 below the required minimum cylinder capacity.

(a) Category A1:

Category A1 motorcycle without sidecar, with a power rating not exceeding 11 kW and with a power to weight ratio not exceeding 0,1 kW/kg, and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h.

If the motorcycle is powered by an internal combustion engine, the cylinder capacity of the engine shall be at least 120 cm3.

If the motorcycle is powered by an electric motor, the power to weight ratio of the vehicle shall be at least 0,08 kW/kg;

(b) Category A2:

Motorcycle without sidecar, with a power rating of at least 20 kW but not exceeding 35 kW and with a power to weight ratio not exceeding 0,2 kW/kg.

If the motorcycle is powered by an internal combustion engine, the cylinder capacity of the engine shall be at least 250 cm3.

If the motorcycle is powered by an electric motor, the power to weight ratio of the vehicle shall be at least 0,15 kW/kg;

(c) Category A:

Motorcycle without sidecar, the unladen mass of which is more than 180 kg, with a power rating of at least 50 kW. A tolerance of 5 kg below the required minimum mass may be accepted by the Member State.

If the motorcycle is powered by an internal combustion engine, the cylinder capacity of the engine shall be at least 600 cm3.

If the motorcycle is powered by an electric motor, the power to weight ratio of the vehicle shall be at least 0,25 kW/kg.

(d) Category B:

A four-wheeled category B vehicle capable of a speed of at least 100 km/h;

(e) Category BE:

A combination, made up of a category B test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at least 1000 kg, capable of a speed of at least 100 km/h, which does not fall within category B; the cargo compartment of the trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the motor vehicle; the closed box body may alternatively be slightly less wide than the motor vehicle, provided that a view to the rear is possible only by use of the external rear-view mirrors of the motor vehicle; the trailer shall be presented with a minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

(f) Category B1:

A motor-powered quadricycle capable of a speed of at least 60 km/h; or, if the driving licence authorises the driving of vehicles referred to in Article 9(4), first subparagraph, point (c), the vehicle used in tests of skills and behaviour shall meet the conditions stated in that point.

(g) Category C:

A category C vehicle with a maximum authorised mass of at least 12000 kg, a length of at least 8 m, a width of at least 2,40 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes, equipped with recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EU) No 165/2014; the cargo compartment shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the driver compartment; the vehicle shall be presented with a minimum of 10000 kg real total mass;

(h) Category CE:

Either an articulated vehicle or a combination of a category C test vehicle and a trailer of at least 7,5 m in length; both the articulated vehicle and the combination shall have a maximum authorised mass of at least 20000 kg, a length of at least 14 m and a width of at least 2,40 m, shall be capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h, fitted with anti-lock brakes, equipped with recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EU) No 165/2014; the cargo compartment shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the driver compartment; both the articulated vehicle and the combination shall be presented with a minimum of 15000 kg real total mass; it is recommended, as good practice, that the vehicle be equipped with a fifth wheel and a gearbox with at least eight forward ratios;

(i) Category C1:

A category C1 vehicle with a maximum authorised mass of at least 4000 kg, with a length of at least 5 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes and equipped with recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EU) No 165/2014; the cargo compartment shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the driver compartment; when the candidate is not to be tested on that candidate’s ability to use recording equipment, the vehicle need not be equipped with recording equipment;

(j) Category C1E:

A combination made up of a category C1 test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at least 1250 kg; this combination shall be at least 8 m in length and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; the cargo compartment of the trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least as wide and as high as the driver compartment; the closed box body may alternatively be slightly less wide than the driver compartment provided that the view to the rear is only possible by use of the external rear-view mirrors of the motor vehicle; the trailer shall be presented with a minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

(k) Category D:

A category D vehicle with a length of at least 10 m, a width of at least 2,40 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes and equipped with recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EU) No 165/2014;

(l) Category DE:

A combination made up of a category D test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at least 1250 kg, a width of at least 2,40 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; the cargo compartment of the trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least 2 m wide and 2 m high; the trailer shall be presented with a minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

(m) Category D1:

A category D1 vehicle with a maximum authorised mass of at least 4000 kg, with a length of at least 5 m and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; fitted with anti-lock brakes and equipped with recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EU) No 165/2014;

(n) Category D1E:

A combination made up of a category D1 test vehicle and a trailer with a maximum authorised mass of at least 1250 kg and capable of a speed of at least 80 km/h; the cargo compartment of the trailer shall consist of a closed box body which is at least 2 m wide and 2 m high; the trailer shall be presented with a minimum of 800 kg real total mass;

1. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories A1, A2 and A

(1) Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Applicants shall demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to ride safely, by satisfying the following requirements:

(a) adjust the protective outfit, such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmet;

(b) perform random checks on the condition of the tyres, brakes, steering, emergency stop switch, if applicable, chain, oil levels, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device.

(2) Special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety:

(a) putting the motorcycle on and off its stand and moving it, without the aid of the engine, by walking alongside the vehicle;

(b) parking the motorcycle on its stand;

(c) at least two manoeuvres to be executed at slow speed, including a slalom; this shall allow competence to be assessed in handling of the throttle, brake, balance, vision direction and position on the motorcycle and the position of the feet on the foot rests; If the test is taken on a motorcycle with manual transmission, it shall be in combination with handling of the clutch.

(d) at least two manoeuvres to be executed at higher speed, of which one manoeuvre at least shall be at a minimum speed of 30 km/h and one manoeuvre shall include avoiding an obstacle at a minimum speed of 50 km/h; this shall allow competence to be assessed in the position on the motorcycle, vision direction, balance and steering technique. If the test is taken on a motorcycle with manual transmission, one manoeuvre must be performed in second or third gear; this shall allow competence to be assessed in technique of changing gears;

(e) braking: at least two braking exercises shall be executed, including an emergency braking at a minimum speed of 50 km/h; this shall allow competence to be assessed in handling of the front and rear brake, vision direction and the position on the motorcycle;

(f) making a U turn, if possible.

(3) Behaviour in traffic

Applicants shall perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

(a) riding away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

(b) riding on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

(c) riding around bends;

(d) crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

(e) changing direction, including adequate use of indicators; left and right turns; changing lanes;

(f) approach to /exit from motorways or similar, if available: joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

(g) overtaking/passing: overtaking other road users including vulnerable road users, if possible; riding alongside obstacles, for instance parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic and anticipating the blind spots of other vehicles, if appropriate;

(h) special road features, if available: roundabouts; railway level crossings, tram/bus stops, pedestrian crossings, bicycle lanes, paying due attention; riding up-/downhill on long slopes; tunnels;

(i) reacting and anticipating to hazardous situations; by way of derogation from the obligation to perform the actions in normal traffic situations, the actions shall be performed only where the hazardous situation is encountered accidentally; alternatively, simulators may be used for the testing of these skills;

(j) taking the necessary precautions when getting off the vehicle.

1. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories B, B1 and BE

(1) Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Applicants shall demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following requirements:

(a) adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

(b) adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints, if available;

(c) checking that the doors are closed;

(d) performing random checks on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, fluids (for instance engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

(e) checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, cabin locking, way of loading, securing load (category BE only);

(f) checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (category BE only).

(2) Categories B and B1: special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety

A selection of the following manoeuvres shall be tested (at least two manoeuvres for the four points, including one in reverse gear):

(a) reversing in a straight line or reversing right or left around a corner while keeping within the correct traffic lane;

(b) turning the vehicle to face the opposite way, using forward and reverse gears;

(c) parking the vehicle and leaving a parking space (parallel, oblique or right-angle, forwards or in reverse, on the flat, uphill or downhill);

(d) braking accurately to a stop; however, performing an emergency stop is optional.

(3) Category BE – special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety:

(a) coupling and uncoupling, or uncoupling and re-coupling a trailer from its motor vehicle; the manoeuvre must involve the towing vehicle being parked alongside the trailer, i.e. not in one line;

(b) reversing along a curve, the line of which shall be left to the discretion of the Member States;

(c) parking safely for loading/unloading.

(4) Behaviour in traffic

Applicants shall perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

(a) driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

(b) driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

(c) driving around bends;

(d) crossroads: approaching and crossing of intersections and junctions;

(e) changing direction with making adequate use of indicators: left and right turns; changing lanes;

(f) approach and exit of motorways or similar, if available: joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

(g) overtaking and passing: overtaking other road users including vulnerable road users, anticipating blind spots, if possible; driving alongside obstacles, for instance parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic, if appropriate;

(h) independent driving following road signs, if possible;

(i) special road features, if available: roundabouts; railway level crossings, tram/bus stops, pedestrian crossings, bicycle lanes, paying due attention; driving up- and downhill on long slopes; tunnels;

(j) entering and alighting from the vehicle, including ensuring that it is safe to open the vehicle door and that doing so will not create a hazard for other road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and micro-mobility users, with particular emphasis on opening the door with the hand furthest from it;

(k) reacting and anticipating to hazardous situations; by way of derogation from the obligation to perform the actions in normal traffic situations, the actions shall be performed only where the hazardous situation is encountered accidentally; alternatively, simulators may be used for the testing of these skills.

1. Skills and behaviour to be tested concerning categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E

(1) Preparation and technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety

Applicants shall demonstrate that they are capable of preparing to drive safely by satisfying the following requirements:

(a) adjusting the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position;

(b) adjusting rear-view mirrors, seat belts and head restraints if available;

(c) random checks on the condition of the tyres, steering, brakes, lights, reflectors, direction indicators and audible warning device;

(d) checking the power-assisted braking and steering systems; checking the condition of the wheels, wheel nuts, mudguards, windscreen, windows and wipers, fluids (for instance engine oil, coolant, washer fluid); checking and using the instrument panel, including the recording equipment as defined in Regulation (EU) No 165/2014. This latter requirement does not apply to applicants for a driving licence for a category C1 or C1E vehicle not falling within the scope of that Regulation;

(e) checking the air pressure, air tanks and the suspension;

(f) checking the safety factors relating to vehicle loading: body, sheets, cargo doors, loading mechanism, if available, cabin locking, if available, way of loading, securing load (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

(g) checking the coupling mechanism and the brake and electrical connections (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E only);

(h) being capable of taking special vehicle safety measures; controlling the body, service doors, emergency exits, first aid equipment, fire extinguishers and other safety equipment (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only);

(i) (optional) reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems.

(2) Driving the towing vehicle without trailer (categories C1E, CE, D1E and DE only)

If the driver is not already entitled to drive the vehicles in categories C1, C, D1 and D, respectively, competence for driving the towing vehicle must be ensured before driving in traffic with a connected trailer.

(3) Special manoeuvres to be tested with a bearing on road safety:

(a) coupling and uncoupling, or uncoupling and re-coupling a trailer from its motor vehicle; the manoeuvre must involve the towing vehicle being parked alongside the trailer, i.e. not in one line (categories CE, C1E, DE, D1E only);

(b) reversing along a curve, the line of which shall be left to the discretion of the Member States;

(c) making a U turn, if possible;

(d) parking safely for loading/unloading at a loading ramp/platform or similar installation (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

(e) parking to let passengers on or off the bus safely (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only).

(4) Behaviour in traffic

Applicants shall perform all the following actions in normal traffic situations, in complete safety and taking all necessary precautions:

(a) driving away: after parking, after a stop in traffic; exiting a driveway;

(b) driving on straight roads; passing oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces;

(c) driving around bends;

(d) crossroads: approaching and crossing intersections and junctions;

(e) changing direction: left and right turns; changing lanes;

(f) approach and exit of motorways or similar, if available: joining from the acceleration lane; leaving on the deceleration lane;

(g) overtaking and passing: overtaking other road users including vulnerable road users, anticipating blind spots (if possible); driving alongside obstacles, for instance parked cars; being overtaken by other traffic (if appropriate);

(h) special road features, if available: roundabouts; railway level crossings, tram/bus stops, pedestrian crossings, bike lanes, paying due attention; driving up- and downhill on long slopes; tunnels;

(i) reacting to and anticipating hazardous situations; by way of derogation from the obligation to perform the actions in normal traffic situations, the actions shall be performed only where the hazardous situation is encountered accidentally; alternatively, simulators may be used for the testing of these skills;

(j) entering and alighting from the vehicle, including ensuring that it is safe to open the vehicle door and that doing so will not create a hazard for other road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and micro-mobility users.

(5) Safe and energy-efficient driving:

Driving in such a way as to ensure safety and to reduce fuel or energy consumption and emissions during acceleration, deceleration, uphill and downhill driving (eco-driving).

1. Marking of the test of skills and behaviour

(1) For each of the driving situations set out in points 6, 7 and 8, the assessment shall reflect the degree of ease with which the applicant handles the vehicle controls and that applicant’s demonstrated capacity to drive in traffic in complete safety. The examiner must feel safe throughout the test. Driving errors or dangerous conduct immediately endangering the safety of the test vehicle, its passengers or other road users shall be penalised by failing the test, whether or not the examiner or accompanying person has to intervene. The examiner shall nevertheless be free to decide whether the skills and behaviour test shall be completed.

Driving examiners shall be trained to assess correctly the applicants’ ability to drive safely. The work of driving examiners shall be monitored and supervised by a body authorised by the Member State and fulfilling the requirements set out in Annex IV, point 4.(1), point (e), to ensure correct and consistent application of fault assessment in accordance with the standards laid down in this Annex.

(2) During their assessment, driving examiners shall pay special attention to whether an applicant is showing defensive and social driving behaviour. This shall reflect the overall style of driving, and the driving examiner shall take this into account in their overall assessment of the applicant’s driving. This shall include adapted and determined (i.e. safe) driving, taking into account road and weather conditions, other traffic and the interests of other road users, in particular vulnerable road users, and anticipation by the applicant.

(3) The driving examiner shall, furthermore, assess whether the applicant:

(a) controls the vehicle, taking into account: proper use of safety belts, driving assistance systems and automated driving systems, rear-view mirrors, head restraints; seat; proper use of lights and other equipment; proper use, where applicable, of clutch, gearbox, accelerator, braking systems (including third braking system, if available), steering; controlling the vehicle under various circumstances, at various speeds; steadiness on the road; the weight and dimensions and characteristics of the vehicle; the weight and type of load (categories BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, DE, D1E only); the comfort of the passengers (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only) (no fast acceleration, driving smoothly and avoiding hard braking);

(b) drives economically and in a safe and energy-efficient way, taking into account the revolutions per minute, changing gears, braking and accelerating (categories B, BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1, D1E only);

(c) complies with observation rules: all-round observation; proper use of mirrors; far, middle, and near distance observation;

(d) observes rights of way and gives way: observes priority at crossroads, intersections and junctions; giving way at other occasions (for instance when changing direction, changing lanes, during special manoeuvres);

(e) has a correct position on the road: proper position on the road, in lanes, on roundabouts, around bends, suitable for the type and the characteristics of the vehicle; pre-positioning;

(f) keeps distance: keeping adequate distance to the front and the side; keeping adequate distance from other road users, in particular from vulnerable road users;

(g) observes speed limits and recommendations: not exceeding the maximum allowed speed; adapting speed to weather and traffic conditions, and where appropriate up to national speed limits; driving at such a speed that stopping within distance of the visible and free road is possible; adapting speed to the general speed of the same kind of road users;

(h) observes traffic lights, road signs and other indications: acting correctly at traffic lights; obeying instructions from traffic controllers; acting correctly at road signs (prohibitions or commands); takes appropriate action at road markings;

(i) observes signaling: gives signals where necessary, correctly and properly timed; indicating directions correctly; taking appropriate action with regard to all signals made by other road users;

(j) controls braking and stopping: decelerating in time, braking or stopping according to circumstances; anticipation; using the various braking systems (only for categories C, CE, D, DE); using speed reduction systems other than the brakes (only for categories C, CE, D, DE).

1. Length of the test

The length of the test and the distance travelled shall be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour laid down in Title B of this Annex. In no circumstances shall the time spent driving on the road be less than 25 minutes for categories A, A1, A2, B, B1 and BE, or 45 minutes for the other categories. This time shall not include the reception of the applicant, the preparation of the vehicle, the technical check of the vehicle with a bearing on road safety, the special manoeuvres, the assurance of competence according to point 8(2) or the announcement of the outcome of the practical test.

1. Location of the test

The part of the test assessing special manoeuvres may be conducted on a special testing ground. Wherever practicable, the part of the test to assess behaviour in traffic shall be conducted on roads outside built-up areas, expressways or motorways (or similar), as well as on all kinds of urban streets (residential areas, 30 and 50 km/h areas, urban expressways) which shall represent the various types of difficulty likely to be encountered by drivers. It is also desirable for the test to take place in various traffic density conditions. The time spent driving on the road shall be used in an optimal way to assess the applicant in all the various traffic areas that may be encountered, with a special emphasis on changing between those areas.

Part II

KNOWLEDGE, SKILL AND BEHAVIOUR FOR DRIVING A POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLE

Drivers of all power-driven vehicles shall at all times have the knowledge, skills and behaviour described under Part I, points 1 to 9, with a view to being able to:

(a) recognise and anticipate traffic dangers and hazards and assess their seriousness;

(b) have command of their vehicle sufficient not to create dangerous situations and to react appropriately should such situations occur;

(c) comply with road traffic regulations, in particular with those intended to prevent road accidents and to maintain the flow of traffic;

(d) detect any major technical faults in their vehicles, in particular those posing a safety hazard, and have them remedied in an appropriate fashion;

(e) take account of all the factors affecting driving behaviour (for instance alcohol, fatigue, poor eyesight, use of electronic devices etc.) so as to retain full use of the faculties needed to drive safely;

(f) help ensure the safety of all road users, and in particular of vulnerable road users, by showing due respect for others;

(g) have sufficient knowledge of risk factors related to cyclists, pedestrians and micro-mobility users;

(h) have sufficient knowledge of safety related to the use of alternatively-fuelled vehicles;

(i) have sufficient knowledge of the use of advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving systems.

Member States may implement the appropriate measures to ensure that drivers who no longer display the knowledge, skills and behaviour described in Part I, points 1 to 9, can recover that knowledge and those skills, and will continue to exhibit the behaviour required for driving a power-driven vehicle.

Annex

ANNEX III

MINIMUM STANDARDS OF FITNESS FOR DRIVING A POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLE

DEFINITIONS

1. For the purpose of this Annex, drivers shall be classified in two groups:

Group 1: drivers of vehicles of categories A, A1, A2, AM, B, B1 and BE;

Group 2: drivers of vehicles of categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E.

National law may provide that the requirements set out in this Annex for Group 2 drivers shall also apply to drivers of category B vehicles using their driving licence for professional purposes (taxis, ambulances, etc.).

1. Applicants for a first driving licence or for the renewal of a driving licence shall be classified in the group to which they will belong if the driving licence applied for has been issued or renewed.

Title 1

EYESIGHT

1. All applicants for a driving licence shall undergo an appropriate assessment to ensure that they have adequate visual acuity for driving power-driven vehicles, and to establish if further examination of their field of vision is needed. Where there is reason to doubt that the applicant’s vision is adequate, he or she should be examined by a competent professional authorised by national law. At that examination, attention shall be paid, in particular, to the following: visual acuity, field of vision, twilight vision, glare and contrast sensitivity, diplopia and other visual functions that can compromise safe driving.

For Group 1 drivers, licensing may be considered in exceptional individual cases where the visual field standard or visual acuity standard cannot be met, but there are reasons to believe that issuing a driving licence to the applicant would not impair road safety; in such cases, the driver shall undergo examination by a competent professional authorised by national law, in order to demonstrate that there is no other impairment of visual function, including glare, contrast sensitivity and twilight vision. The driver or applicant should also be subject to a positive practical test conducted by a competent authority.

Group 1:

(1) Applicants for a driving licence or for the renewal of such a driving licence shall have a binocular visual acuity, with corrective lenses if necessary, of at least 0,5 when using both eyes together.

Moreover, the horizontal visual field shall be at least 120 degrees, the extension shall be at least 50 degrees left and right and 20 degrees up and down. No defects shall be present within a radius of the central 20 degrees.

When a progressive eye disease is detected or declared, driving licences may be issued or renewed subject to the applicant undergoing regular examination by a competent professional authorised by national law.

(2) Applicants for a driving licence, or for the renewal of a driving licence, who have total functional loss of vision in one eye, or who use only one eye (for instance in the case of diplopia) shall have a visual acuity of at least 0,5, with corrective lenses if necessary. The competent professional authorised by national law shall certify that this condition of monocular vision has existed for a time sufficiently long to allow adaptation, and that the field of vision in this eye meets the requirement laid down in point 3.(1).

(3) After any recently developed diplopia, or after the loss of vision in one eye, there shall be an appropriate adaptation period, for example, six months, during which driving is not allowed. After that period, driving shall be allowed only following a favourable opinion from vision and driving experts, and may be subject to certain requirements or restrictions.

Group 2:

(4) Applicants for a driving licence or for the renewal of a driving licence shall have a visual acuity, with corrective lenses if necessary, of at least 0,8 in the better eye, and at least 0,1 in the worse eye. If corrective lenses are used to attain the values of 0,8 and 0,1, the minimum acuity (0,8 and 0,1) shall be achieved either by correction by means of glasses with a power not exceeding plus eight dioptres, or with the aid of contact lenses. The correction must be well tolerated.

Moreover, the horizontal visual field with both eyes shall be at least 160 degrees, the extension shall be at least 70 degrees left and right and 30 degrees up and down. No defects shall be present within a radius of the central 30 degrees.

Driving licences shall not be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers with impaired contrast sensitivity or with diplopia.

After a substantial loss of vision in one eye, there shall be an appropriate adaptation period, for example six months, during which the subject is not allowed to drive. After this period, driving shall be allowed only after a favourable opinion from vision and driving experts, and may be subject to certain requirements or restrictions.

Title 2

HEARING

1. Driving licences may be issued to or renewed for applicants or drivers in Group 2 with a hearing impairment subject to an opinion being given by the competent medical authorities based on a medical examination which shall take particular account of the scope for compensation.

Title 3

PERSONS WITH A PHYSICAL DISABILITY

1. Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers with complaints or impairments of the locomotor system which make it dangerous to drive a power-driven vehicle.

Group 1:

(1) Driving licences subject to certain restrictions may be issued to applicants or drivers with physical disabilities following an opinion by a competent medical authority. That opinion shall be based on a medical assessment of the complaint or impairment in question and, where necessary, on a practical test. It shall also indicate what type of modification to the vehicle is required and whether the driver needs to use an orthopaedic device, insofar as a test of skills and behaviour demonstrates that with such a device driving would not be dangerous.

(2) Driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, any applicant or driver with a progressive complaint on condition that the person be examined regularly to ensure that the person is still capable of driving the vehicle completely safely.

Where the physical disability is static, driving licences may be issued or renewed without the applicant being subject to regular medical examination.

Group 2:

(3) The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this Group.

Title 4

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

1. Cardiovascular conditions or diseases can lead to a sudden impairment of the cerebral functions that constitutes a danger to road safety. Those conditions represent grounds for establishing temporary or permanent restrictions to driving.

(1) For the following cardiovascular conditions, driving licences may be issued or renewed for applicants or drivers in the indicated groups, only after the condition has been effectively treated and subject to authorization by and, if appropriate, regular medical assessment by, a competent medical authority:

(a) brady-arrhythmias (sinus node disease and conduction disturbances) and tachy-arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias) with history of syncope or syncopal episodes due to arrhythmic conditions (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(b) brady-arrhythmias: sinus node disease and conduction disturbances with second degree atrioventricular (AV) block Mobitz II, third degree AV block or alternating bundle branch block (applies to Group 2 only);

(c) tachy-arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias) with

(i) structural heart disease, especially sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (applies to Groups 1 and 2); or

(ii) polymorphic non-sustained VT or with an indication for a defibrillator (applies to Group 2 only);

(d) symptomatic of angina (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(e) permanent pacemaker implantation or replacement (applies to Group 2 only);

(f) defibrillator implantation or replacement, or appropriate or inappropriate defibrillator shock (applies to Group 1 only);

(g) syncope (a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone, characterised by rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery, due to global cerebral hypoperfusion, of presumed reflex origin, of unknown cause, with no evidence of underlying heart disease) (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(h) acute coronary syndrome (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(i) stable angina if symptoms do not occur with mild exercise (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(j) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(k) coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(l) stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(m) significant carotid artery stenosis (applies to Group 2 only);

(n) maximum aortic diameter exceeding 5,5 cm (applies to Group 2 only);

(o) heart failure:

(i) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I, II and III (applies to Group 1 only);

(ii) NYHA Class I and II, provided that the left ventricular ejection fraction is at least 35 % (applies to Group 2 only);

(p) heart transplantation (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(q) cardiac assist device (applies to Group 1 only);

(r) valvular heart surgery (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(s) malignant hypertension (elevation in systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg associated with impending or progressive organ damage) (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(t) grade III blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg and/or systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg) (applies to Group 2 only);

(u) congenital heart disease (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(v) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy if without syncope (applies to Group 1 only);

(w) long QT syndrome with syncope, Torsade des Pointes or QTc > 500 ms (applies to Group 1 only).

(2) For the following cardiovascular conditions, driving licences shall not be issued or renewed for applicants or drivers in the indicated groups:

(a) implant of a defibrillator (applies to Group 2 only);

(b) peripheral vascular disease – thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm when maximum aortic diameter is such that it predisposes to a significant risk of sudden rupture and hence a sudden disabling event (applies to Groups 1 and 2);

(c) heart failure:

(i) NYHA Class IV (applies to Group 1 only);

(ii) NYHA Class III and IV (applies to Group 2 only);

(d) cardiac assist devices (applies to Group 2 only);

(e) valvular heart disease with aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis if functional ability is estimated to be NYHA Class IV or if there have been syncopal episodes (applies to Group 1 only);

(f) valvular heart disease in NYHA Class III or IV, or with ejection fraction (EF) below 35 %, mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension or with severe echocardiographic aortic stenosis or aortic stenosis causing syncope; except for completely asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis if the exercise tolerance test requirements are fulfilled (applies to Group 2 only);

(g) structural and electrical cardiomyopathies – hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with history of syncope or when two or more of the following conditions present: left ventricle (LV) wall thickness > 3 cm, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, a family history of sudden death (in a first degree relative), no increase of blood pressure with exercise (applies to Group 2 only);

(h) long QT syndrome with syncope, Torsade des Pointes and QTc > 500 ms (applies to Group 2 only);

(i) Brugada syndrome with syncope or aborted sudden cardiac death (applies to Groups 1 and 2).

Driving licences may be issued or renewed in exceptional cases, provided that it is duly justified by a medical opinion of, and subject to regular medical assessment by, a competent medical authority, ensuring that the person is still capable of driving the vehicle safely taking into account the effects of the medical condition.

(3) Other cardiomyopathies

The risk of sudden incapacitating events shall be evaluated in applicants or drivers with well described cardiomyopathies (for instance arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, non-compaction cardiomyopathy, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and short QT syndrome) or with new cardiomyopathies that may be discovered. A careful specialist evaluation is required. The prognostic features of the particular cardiomyopathy shall be considered.

(4) Member States may restrict the issue or renewal of driving licences for applicants or drivers with other cardiovascular diseases.

Title 5

DIABETES MELLITUS

1. For the purpose of the following points, the following definitions apply:

severe hypoglycaemia means where the assistance of another person is needed;

recurrent severe hypoglycaemia means a second episode of severe hypoglycaemia during a period of 12 months.

Group 1:

(1) Driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who have diabetes mellitus. When treated with medication with a low hypoglycaemia risk, they shall be subject to regular medical review by a competent medical authority, appropriate to each case. When treated with medication with a high hypoglycaemia risk which can have consequences for their fitness to drive, they shall be subject to a medical opinion by a competent and authorised medical professional and regular medical review, appropriate to each case, but the interval shall not exceed ten years.

(2) An applicant or driver with diabetes treated with medication which carries a risk of inducing hypoglycaemia shall demonstrate an understanding of the risk of hypoglycaemia and adequate control of the condition.

Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who have inadequate awareness of hypoglycaemia.

Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who have recurrent severe hypoglycaemia, unless supported by a medical opinion of, and regular medical assessment by, a competent medical authority. For recurrent severe hypoglycaemias during waking hours, a driving licence shall not be issued or renewed until three months after the most recent episode.

Driving licences may be issued or renewed in exceptional cases, provided that it is duly justified by a medical opinion of, and subject to regular medical assessment by, a competent medical authority, ensuring that the person is still capable of driving the vehicle safely taking into account the effects of the medical condition.

Group 2:

(3) Consideration may be given to the issuing or renewal of Group 2 driving licences to applicants or drivers with diabetes mellitus. When treated with medication which carries a risk of inducing hypoglycaemia, that is with insulin and some tablets, the following criteria shall apply:

(a) no severe hypoglycaemic events have occurred in the previous 12 months;

(b) the driver has full hypoglycaemic awareness;

(c) the driver must be able to perform adequate control of the blood glucose levels by regular controls, using technical aids, at least twice daily and at times relevant to driving;

(d) the driver must demonstrate an understanding of the risks of hypoglycaemia;

(e) there are no other debarring complications of diabetes.

Moreover, in those cases, such driving licences shall be issued or renewed subject to the positive opinion of, and to regular medical review by, a competent medical authority, undertaken at intervals of not more than three years.

(4) A severe hypoglycaemic event during waking hours, even unrelated to driving, shall be reported and shall give rise to a reassessment of the licensing status.

Title 6

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA SYNDROME

1. The following rules apply to applicants with neurological diseases and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Title 7

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

(1) Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers with a serious neurological disease, unless the application is supported by a positive medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional.

Neurological disturbances associated with developmental conditions, diseases, medical or surgical intervention affecting the central or peripheral nervous system, which lead to cognitive, behavioural, sensory or motor impairments and affect performance or function, balance and coordination, shall be taken into account accordingly in relation to their functional effects on driving. The risks of progression of impairment and lack of compliance with treatment need to be taken into account. In such cases, the issue or renewal of the driving licence may be subject to periodic assessment in the event of risk of deterioration.

Title 8

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA SYNDROME

(2) For the purpose of the following points:

moderate obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome means a number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index) between 15 and 29;

severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome means an Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index of 30 or more, both associated with excessive daytime sleepiness.

(3) Applicants or drivers in whom a moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is suspected shall be referred for further medical advice by a competent and authorised medical professional before a driving licence is issued or renewed. They may be advised not to drive until confirmation of the diagnosis.

(4) Driving licences may be issued to applicants or drivers with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome who show adequate control of their condition and compliance with appropriate treatment and improvement of sleepiness, if any, confirmed by a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional.

(5) Applicants or drivers with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome under treatment shall be subject to a periodic medical review, at intervals not exceeding three years for drivers of Group 1 and one year for drivers of Group 2, with a view to establishing their level of compliance with the treatment, the need for continuing the treatment and continued good vigilance.

Title 9

EPILEPSY

1. Epileptic seizures or other sudden disturbances of the state of consciousness constitute a serious danger to road safety if they occur in a person driving a power-driven vehicle.

For the purpose of the following points:

epilepsy means a medical condition in which the person concerned has had two or more epileptic seizures, less than five years apart;

provoked epileptic seizure means a seizure which has a recognisable causative factor that is avoidable.

A person who has an initial or isolated seizure or loss of consciousness shall be advised not to drive. A specialist report is required, stating the period of driving prohibition and the requested follow-up.

It is extremely important that the person’s specific epilepsy syndrome and seizure type be identified so that a proper evaluation of the person’s driving safety can be undertaken, including the risk of further seizures, and the appropriate therapy instituted. This shall be done by a neurologist.

Group 1:

(1) Drivers assessed under Group 1 with epilepsy shall be under driving licence review until they have been seizure-free for at least five years.

If the applicant or driver has epilepsy and until he or she has been seizure-free for at least five years, the criteria for an unconditional driving licence shall not be deemed to be met.

(2) Provoked epileptic seizure: the applicant having had such a condition because of a recognisable provoking factor that is unlikely to recur at the wheel may be declared able to drive on an individual basis, subject to neurological opinion. If appropriate, the assessment shall be in accordance with other relevant Titles, for instance in the case of alcohol or other co-morbidity.

(3) First or single unprovoked seizure: the applicant or driver who has had a first unprovoked epileptic seizure may be declared able to drive after a period of six months without seizures, if there has been an appropriate medical assessment. National authorities may allow applicants or drivers with recognised good prognostic indicators to drive sooner.

(4) Other loss of consciousness: the loss of consciousness shall be assessed according to the risk of recurrence while driving.

(5) Epilepsy: applicants or drivers may be declared fit to drive after a one-year period free of further seizures.

(6) Seizures exclusively in sleep: the applicant or driver who has never had any seizures other than seizures during sleep may be declared fit to drive so long as this pattern has been established for a period which must not be less than the seizure-free period required for epilepsy. If there is an occurrence of attacks or seizures arising while awake, a one-year period free of any further event before licensing is required.

(7) Seizures without influence on consciousness or the ability to act: the applicant or driver who has never had any seizures other than seizures which have been demonstrated exclusively to affect neither consciousness nor to cause any functional impairment may be declared fit to drive if this pattern has been established for a period which shall not be less than the seizure-free period required for epilepsy. If there is an occurrence of any other kind of attacks or /seizures, a one-year period free of any further event before licensing is required.

(8) Seizures because of a physician-directed change or reduction of anti-epileptic therapy: the patient may be advised not to drive from the commencement of the period of withdrawal and thereafter for a period of six months after cessation of treatment. Seizures occurring during physician-advised change or withdrawal of medication require three months off driving if the previously-effective treatment is reinstated.

(9) After curative epilepsy surgery drivers or applicants may be declared fit to drive after a one-year period free of further seizures.

Group 2:

(10) The applicant or driver shall be without anti-epileptic medication for the required period of seizure freedom. An appropriate medical follow-up shall have been carried out. Extensive neurological investigation shall have shown that there is neither a relevant cerebral pathology nor any epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG and an appropriate neurological assessment shall be performed after the acute episode.

(11) In the case of a provoked epileptic seizure, due to an identifiable causative factor, a favourable neurological report must be provided, certifying a seizure-free period of at least one year and including an electroencephalographic assessment. Other Titles shall be taken into account. In case of structural brain lesions with increased risk for the onset of epileptic seizures, their magnitude shall be assessed by means of a neurological report.

(12) First or single unprovoked seizure: the applicant or driver who has had a first unprovoked epileptic seizure may be declared able to drive once five years’ freedom from further seizures has been achieved without the aid of anti-epileptic drugs, if there has been an appropriate neurological assessment. The medical authorities may allow an applicant or driver with recognised good prognostic indicators to drive sooner.

(13) Other loss of consciousness: the loss of consciousness shall be assessed according to the risk of recurrence while driving.

(14) Epilepsy: 10 years freedom from further seizures shall have been achieved without the aid of anti-epileptic drugs. National authorities may allow applicants or drivers with recognised good prognostic indicators to drive sooner. This shall also apply in case of juvenile epilepsy.

Certain disorders, for instance arteriovenous malformation or intra-cerebral haemorrhage, entail an increased risk of seizures, even if seizures have not yet occurred. In such a situation an assessment shall be carried out by a competent medical authority.

Title 10

MENTAL IMPAIRMENTS

1. The following rules apply to applicants or drivers with mental or intellectual impairment.

Group 1:

(1) Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers with:

(a) severe mental, cognitive or behavioural impairment, whether congenital or due to disease, trauma or neurosurgical operations;

(b) personality impairments leading to seriously impaired judgment, behaviour or adaptability,

unless their application is supported by a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and, if necessary, subject to regular medical check-ups. A prior period of remission should be observed.

Group 2:

(2) The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this Group. The competent medical authority may establish temporary requirements or impose restrictions on driving.

Title 11

ALCOHOL

1. Alcohol consumption constitutes a major danger to road safety. In view of the scale of the problem, the medical profession must be very vigilant.

Group 1:

(1) Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who are dependent on alcohol, or who are unable to refrain from drinking and driving.

After a proven period of abstinence, driving licences may be issued or renewed if the applicant or driver is the subject of a positive medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and a period of regular medical check-ups.

(2) Driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who are dependent on alcohol or unable to refrain from drinking and driving provided that technologies enabling to offset the dependency, for example, the mandatory use of an alcohol interlock, are used, and provided that the driver is subject to periodic review of further treatment to address dependence or lack of dissociation of drinking from driving. If a period of abstinence is proven, which may include participation in rehabilitation programmes with monitoring and medical supervision, driving licences may be issued or renewed without use of such technologies if the driver is subject to a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and a period of regular medical check-ups. The regular medical check-ups may be performed during or after the use of such technologies, or both.

Group 2:

(3) The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group.

(4) The competent medical authority may establish temporary requirements and, where appropriate, restrictions on driving.

Title 12

DRUGS AND MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

1. The following rules apply to drugs and medical products.

Abuse:

(1) Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who are dependent on psychotropic substances or narcotics, or who are not dependent on such substances but are not willing or unable to dissociate consumption from driving, whatever category of driving licence is requested.

Regular use:

Group 1:

(2) Driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who regularly use psychotropic substances or narcotics, in whatever form, which can hamper the ability to drive safely, where the quantities absorbed are such as to have an adverse effect on driving. This shall apply to all other medicinal products or combinations of medicinal products which hamper the mental or physical ability to drive.

The competent medical authority may establish temporary requirements and, where appropriate, restrictions on driving.

Group 2:

(3) The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this group and may establish certain requirements or restrictions.

Title 13

RENAL DISORDERS

1. The following rules apply to applicants with renal disorders.

Group 1:

(1) Driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicants and drivers with serious renal insufficiency and resulting significant limitation of physical capacity subject to a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and regular medical check-ups.

Group 2:

(2) Save in exceptional cases duly justified by a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and subject to regular medical check-ups, driving licences shall not be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers with serious and irreversible renal deficiency.

Title 14

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Group 1:

(1) Subject to a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and, if necessary, regular medical check-ups, driving licences may be issued to, or renewed for, applicants or drivers who have had an organ transplant or an artificial implant which affects the ability to drive.

Group 2:

(2) The competent medical authority shall give due consideration to the additional risks and dangers involved in the driving of vehicles covered by the definition of this Group.

As a general rule, where applicants or drivers have any disorder which is not mentioned in this Annex but is liable to be, or to result in, a functional incapacity affecting driving safety, driving licences shall not be issued or renewed unless the application is supported by a medical opinion of a competent and authorised medical professional and, if necessary, the applicant or driver is subject to regular medical check-ups.

Annex

ANNEX IV

MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR PERSONS WHO CONDUCT PRACTICAL DRIVING TESTS

1. Competences required by a driving examiner

(1) A person authorised to conduct practical assessments in a power-driven vehicle of the driving performance of a candidate shall have knowledge, skills and understanding related to the topics listed in points (2) to (8).

(2) The competences of an examiner shall be relevant to assessing the performance of a candidate seeking the category of driving licence entitlement for which the driving test is being undertaken.

(3) Knowledge and understanding of driving and assessment:

(a) theory of driving behaviour;

(b) hazard perception and accident avoidance; this includes understanding and paying attention to the vulnerability of non-motorised road users and users of motorised two-wheelers;

(c) the syllabus underpinning driving test standards;

(d) the requirements of the driving test;

(e) relevant road and traffic law, including relevant Union and national law and interpretative guidelines;

(f) assessment theory and techniques;

(g) defensive driving.

(4) Assessment skills:

The examiner shall be able to:

(a) observe accurately, monitor, and evaluate the candidate’s overall performance, in particular:

(i) the correct and comprehensive recognition of dangerous situations;

(ii) the accurate determination of cause and likely effect of dangerous situations;

(iii) the achievement of competence and recognition of errors;

(iv) uniformity and consistency in assessment;

(b) assimilate information quickly and extract key points;

(c) look ahead, identify potential problems, and develop strategies to deal with them;

(d) provide timely and constructive feedback.

(5) Personal driving skills:

A person authorised to conduct a practical test for a given category of driving licence shall be able to drive the relevant type of power-driven vehicle to a consistently high standard.

(6) Quality of service:

(a) establish and communicate what the candidate can expect during the test;

(b) communicate clearly, choosing content, style and language to suit the audience and context and deal with enquiries from candidates;

(c) provide clear feedback about the test result;

(d) treat candidates with respect and without discrimination.

(7) Knowledge about vehicle technique and physics, including:

(a) knowledge about vehicle technology, such as steering, tyres, brakes, lights, especially for motorcycles and heavy vehicles;

(b) knowledge about loading safety;

(c) knowledge about vehicle physics, such as speed, friction, dynamics and energy.

(8) Driving in a fuel or energy efficient and environmentally-friendly way.

1. General conditions

(1) A category B driving examiner:

(a) shall have held a category B driving licence for at least three years;

(b) shall be at least 23 years old;

(c) shall have successfully completed the initial qualification provided for in point 3 and subsequently followed the quality assurance and the periodic training arrangements provided for in point 4;

(d) shall have terminated vocational education that leads at least to a completion of level 3 as set out in the UNESCO International Standard Classification of Education(ISCED);

(e) shall not simultaneously be active as a driving examiner and as a commercial driving instructor.

(2) A driving examiner for the other categories:

(a) shall hold a driving licence in the category concerned, or possess equivalent knowledge through adequate professional qualification;

(b) shall have successfully completed the initial qualification provided for in point 3 and subsequently followed the quality assurance and the periodic training arrangements as provided for in point 4;

(c) shall have been a qualified category B driving examiner for at least three years; this requirement may be waived provided that the examiner in question can provide evidence of:

(i) at least five years of driving in the category concerned; or

(ii) a theoretical and practical assessment of driving ability of a standard higher than that needed to obtain a driving licence thus making that requirement unnecessary;

(d) shall have terminated vocational education that leads at least to a completion of level 3 as set out in the ISCED;

(e) shall not simultaneously be active as a driving examiner and as a commercial driving instructor.

(3) Professional standard

Examiners shall, in the performance of their task of practical assessments, remain free from external influence, whether direct or indirect. They shall refrain from any action incompatible with their duties and observe objectivity and impartiality when they carry out their tasks.

(4) Equivalences

(a) Member States may authorise an examiner to conduct driving tests for categories AM, A1, A2 and A upon passing the initial qualification required under point 3 for one of those categories.

(b) Member States may authorise an examiner to conduct driving tests for categories C1, C, D1 and D upon passing the initial qualification required under point 3 for one of those categories.

(c) Member States may authorise an examiner to conduct driving tests for categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE upon passing the initial qualification required under point 3 for one of those categories.

1. Initial qualification

(1) Initial training

(a) Before a person may be authorised to conduct driving tests, that person shall satisfactorily complete such training programme as a Member State may specify in order to have the competences set out in point 1.

(b) Member States shall determine whether the content of any particular training programme will relate to authorisation to conduct driving tests for one driving licence category, or more than one.

(2) Examinations

(a) Before a person may be authorised to conduct driving tests, that person shall demonstrate a satisfactory standard of knowledge, understanding, skills and aptitude in respect of the subjects listed in point 1.

(b) Member States shall operate an examination process that assesses, in a pedagogically appropriate manner, the competences of the person as defined under point 1, in particular point 1.(4). The examination process shall meet the accessibility requirements set out in Directive (EU) 2019/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council

Directive (EU) 2019/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the accessibility requirements for products and services (OJ L 151, 7.6.2019, p. 70, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/882/oj).

and include both a theory element and a practical element. Computer-based assessment may be used where appropriate. The details concerning the nature and duration of any tests and assessments within the examination shall be at the discretion of the individual Member States.

(c) Member States shall determine whether the content of any particular examination will relate to authorisation to conduct driving tests for one driving licence category, or more than one.

1. Quality assurance and periodic training

(1) Quality assurance

(a) Member States shall have in place quality assurance arrangements to provide for the maintenance of standards of driving examiners.

(b) Quality assurance arrangements shall involve the supervision of examiners at work, their further training and re-accreditation, their continuing professional development, and the periodic review of the outcomes of the driving tests that they have conducted.

(c) Member States shall provide that each examiner is subject to yearly supervision, making use of quality assurance arrangements listed in point 4.(1), point (b). Moreover, Member States shall provide that each examiner is observed conducting tests once every five years, for a minimum period cumulatively of at least half a day, allowing the observation of several tests. When issues are identified, corrective action shall be put in place. The observer shall be a person authorised by the Member State for that purpose.

(d) Member States may provide that, where an examiner is authorised to conduct driving tests in more than one category, satisfying the observation requirement in relation to tests for one category satisfies the requirement for more than one category.

(e) The work of carrying out driving examinations shall be monitored and supervised by a body authorised by the Member State, to ensure the correct and consistent application of assessment. The Member States shall ensure that the members of that body who are tasked with undertaking the monitoring and supervision are impartial and independent from external intervention or political pressure in the exercise of their functions.

(2) Periodic training

(a) Member States shall provide that, in order to remain authorised, driving examiners, irrespective of the number of categories for which they are accredited, undertake:

(i) a minimum regular periodic training of four days in total per period of two years in order to:

maintain and refresh the necessary knowledge, examining and communication skills;

develop new competences that have become essential for the exercise of their profession;

ensure that they continue to conduct tests to a fair and uniform standard;

(ii) a minimum periodic training of at least five days in total per period of five years in order to develop and maintain the necessary practical driving skills.

(b) Member States shall take the appropriate measures for ensuring that specific training is given promptly to those examiners whose performance has been found to be seriously inadequate by the quality assurance system in place.

(c) Periodic training may take the form of briefing, classroom training, conventional or electronic-based learning, and it may be undertaken on an individual or group basis. It may include such re-accreditation of standards as Member States consider appropriate.

(d) Member States may provide that, where an examiner is authorised to conduct driving tests in more than one category, satisfying the periodic training requirement in relation to tests for one category satisfies the requirement for more than one category, provided the condition set out in point 4.(2), point (e), is satisfied.

(e) Where an examiner has not conducted tests for a category within a 24-month period, the examiner shall undertake a suitable reassessment before being allowed to carry out driving tests relating to that category. That re-assessment may be undertaken as part of the requirement set out in point 4.(2), point (a).

1. Acquired rights

(1) Member States may allow persons authorised to conduct driving tests immediately before 19 January 2013 to continue to conduct driving tests, notwithstanding that they were not authorised in accordance with the general conditions in point 2 or the initial qualification process set out in point 3.

(2) Such examiners shall nonetheless be subject to the regular supervision and quality assurance arrangements set out in point 4.

Annex

ANNEX V

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVER TRAINING AND TESTING FOR COMBINATIONS, INCLUDING ALTERNATIVELY-FUELLED VEHICLES, FOR MOTOR CARAVANS, AND FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLES

Member States shall take the necessary measures to:

(a) approve and supervise the training provided for in Article 10(1), point (d); or

(b) organise the test of skills and behaviour provided for in Article 10(1), point (d).

Title A

COMBINATIONS

1. The duration of driver training shall be at least seven hours;

1. Content of driver training

The driver training shall cover the knowledge, skills and behaviour as described in Annex II, points 2 and 7. Particular attention shall be paid to vehicle movement dynamics, safety criteria, tractor vehicle and trailer (coupling mechanism), correct loading and safety fittings.

A practical component shall include the following exercises: acceleration, deceleration, reversing, braking, stopping distance, lane-changing, braking and evasive action, trailer swing, uncoupling a trailer from and recoupling it to its motor vehicle and parking.

Each training participant shall perform the practical component and shall demonstrate his or her skills and behaviour on public roads.

Vehicle combinations used for the training shall fall within the category of vehicle combinations in respect of which the applicant has requested a driving licence.

1. Duration and contents of the test of skills and behaviour

The length of the test and the distance travelled shall be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour set out in point 2.

Title B

MOTOR CARAVANS AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES

1. The duration of driver training shall be at least seven hours and may be organised on public roads or on a closed circuit.

1. Content of driver training

The driver training shall cover the knowledge, skills and behaviour described in Annex II, Title A, point 2, and, as far as regards category C1, Annex II, Title B, point 8. Particular attention shall be paid to vehicle movement dynamics, safety criteria, correct loading and safety fittings.

A practical component shall include the following exercises: acceleration, deceleration, reversing, braking, stopping distance, lane-changing, trailer swing, uncoupling a trailer from and recoupling it to its motor vehicle, braking and evasive action and parking. As regards emergency vehicles, special attention shall be paid to ensure that the driver has the necessary skills to properly handle additional difficulties arising from driving in an emergency situation.

Vehicles used for the training shall fall within the category of vehicles in respect of which the applicant has requested a driving licence.

1. Duration and content of the test of skills and behaviour

The length of the test and the distance travelled shall be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour set out in point 2.

Annex

ANNEX VI

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVER TRAINING AND TESTING FOR MOTORCYCLES WITHIN CATEGORY A (PROGRESSIVE ACCESS)

1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to:

(a) approve and supervise the training provided for in Article 10(1), point (c); or

(b) organise the test of skills and behaviour provided for in Article 10(1), point (c).

1. The duration of driver training shall be at least seven hours.

1. Content of driver training

The driver training shall cover all aspects covered in Annex II, point 6.

Each participant shall perform the practical components of the training and shall demonstrate his or her skills and behaviour on public roads.

Motorcycles used for the training shall fall within the category of motorcycles in respect of which the applicant has requested a driving licence.

1. Duration and contents of the test of skills and behaviour

The length of the test and the distance travelled shall be sufficient to assess the skills and behaviour set out in point 3.

Annex

ANNEX VII

CORRELATION TABLE

Directive 2006/126/ECRegulation (EU) No 383/2012This Directive——Article 1——Article 2, points (1), (2), (3), (13) and (14)Article 1(1)—Article 4(1)Article 1(2), (3) and (4)—Article 4(5) and (6)——Article 3(1) to (5)Article 2(1)—Article 3(6)Article 2(2)—Article 4(3)Article 3(1) and (2)—Article 4(2)Article 3(3)—Article 4(4)——Article 4 (7)——Article 5(1) to (5) and (7)Article 4(1), first sentence—Article 6(1)Article 4(1), second sentence—Article 7(1)Article 4(1), third sentence—Article 2, point (4)Article 4(2)—Article 6(1), point (a)Article 4(2), first indent—Article 6(1), point (a), and Article 2, points (5), (6) and (7)Article 4(2) second indent—Article 7(1), point (a)Article 4(3)—Article 6(1), point (b)Article 4(3) first indent—Article 2, point (8)Article 4(3) second indent—Article 2, point (9)Article 4(3), point (a), first and second indents—Article 6(1), point (b)(i)Article 4(3), point (a), third indent—Article 7(1), point (a)

Article 4(4), point (i), except last indent—Article 6(1), point (c)(ix)Article 4(4), point (i), last indent—Article 7(1), point (d)Article 4(4), point (j)—Article 6(1), point (c)(x)Article 4(4), point (k), except last ,indent—Article 6(1), point (c)(xi)Article 4(4), point (k), last indent—Article 7(1), point (f)Article 4(5)—Article 6(2)Article 4(6), first subparagraph, point (a)—Article 7(2), point (a)Article 4(6), first subparagraph, point (b)—Article 7(2), point (b)Article 4(6), first subparagraph, point (c)—Article 7(2), point (c)Article 4(6), first subparagraph, point (d)—Article 7(2), point (d)Article 4(6), second subparagraph—Article 7(3)Article 4(6), third and fourth subparagraphs—Article 7(4)Article 4(7) first subparagraph—Article 7(1), points (e) and (g)Article 4(7) second subparagraph—Article 7(2), points (e) and (f)Article 5—Article 8Article 6(1)—Article 9(1)Article 6(2), point (a)—Article 9(2), point (a)Article 6(2), point (b)—Article 9(2), point (b)——Article 9(2), point (c)——Article 9(2), point (d)Article 6(2), point (c)—Article 9(2), point (e)——Article 9(2), point (f)Article 6(2), point (d)—Article 9(2), point (g)